档案法规标准2026年第40卷第5期《档案学研究》
违法记录档案封存制度的逻辑厘清与路径建构
Clarifying the Logic and Constructing the Pathway for the Archive Sealing System of Illegal Records
东南大学法学院 南京 211189
摘要
2025年修订的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》创设了违法记录档案封存制度,旨在化解档案凭证属性与公民发展权之间的冲突。针对当前制度供给不足与研究视域偏差的问题,应当立足档案学与法学交叉视角,确定受控制遗忘、分层管控、比例原则的指导理念以构建档案封存制度的落实路径。一是确立有利溯及原则,将存量记录纳入封存范围;二是立足档案价值,对轻微违法实行全宗封存,同时建立严重违法的负面封存制度;三是建立基于最小必要原则的分级查询程序,严格限定查询主体与内容颗粒度;四是构建涵盖封存主体和查询主体的惩戒体系。通过专业档案的规范化管理,实现社会治理效能与公民再社会化的平衡。
关键词:专业档案治安管理处罚法违法记录档案档案封存
Abstract
The 2025 revision of Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the People's Republic of China establishes a record-sealing system for unlawful conduct, aiming to resolve the mismatch between the evidentiary nature of archives and citizens' right to development. Addressing institutional shortfalls and research biases, this study adopts an interdisciplinary perspective of archival science and law. Guided by the principles of controlled forgetting, hierarchical management, and proportionality, it proposes an implementation pathway: first, applying favorable retroactivity to seal existing records; second, implementing full-fonds sealing for minor violations while establishing a negative sealing system for severe ones; third, creating a tiered inquiry procedure based on minimum necessity to strictly limit inquiring subjects and content granularity; and fourth, building a sanction system for both sealing and inquiring entities. Ultimately, standardized archive management will achieve a balance between social governance efficacy and citizens' resocialization.
Key words: specialty archives; Public Security Administration Punishments Law; archives of illegal records; archive sealing
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