档案法规标准2026年第40卷第4期《档案学研究》
论档案犯罪规制体系的完善:困境、成因与路径
Improvement of the Regulatory System for Archival Crimes: Dilemmas, Causes and Approaches
华东政法大学刑事法学院 上海 200042
摘要
为规范档案犯罪治理,需完善档案犯罪规制体系。审视档案犯罪规制体系及司法现状:规制体系方面,刑法已滞后于前置法,呈现出上宽下窄的不对称格局,无法有效回应档案事业发展的需求;司法裁判方面,档案犯罪率畸低,存在档案犯罪规制不力而向其他罪名“借用保护”的情况。档案犯罪规制困境的成因在于数字时代档案法益的重心发生偏移,刑法未能与“档案信息”法益调适且规范供给不足,使得立法、司法、执法层面均与前置法衔接不畅。现有规制体系在“国有档案本位”与“非国有档案本位”犯罪中存在规制空白。应重新在罪刑体系中定位档案犯罪,使之独立成节并参照前置法适度扩张规制范围,同时健全档案犯罪行刑二元规制体系,畅通行刑反向衔接机制。
关键词:档案犯罪国有档案非国有档案档案法行刑衔接
Abstract
To regulate the governance of archival crimes, it is necessary to improve the regulatory system for such offenses. An examination of the current regulatory framework and judicial practice reveals the following: with respect to the regulatory system for archival crimes, the criminal law has lagged behind the antecedent laws, exhibiting an asymmetrical pattern that is broad at the top and narrow at the bottom, thus failing to effectively respond to the needs of the development of the archival sector; with respect to judicial adjudication, the conviction rate for archival crimes is abnormally low, indicating ineffective regulation of archival crimes and a tendency to "borrowed protection" from other criminal provisions. The causes of these dilemmas lie in the shifting focus of the legal interests protected by archival law in the digital era. The criminal law has failed to adapt to the legal interest of "archival information" and suffers from insufficient normative supply, resulting in poor coordination with antecedent laws at the legislative, judicial, and enforcement levels. The current regulatory system for archival crimes contains regulatory gaps between a "state-owned archives-centric" approach and a "non-state-owned archives-centric" approach. To address these issues, archival crimes should be repositioned within the criminal penalty system as an independent section, with their regulatory scope appropriately expanded by reference to antecedent laws. At the same time, the dual administrative-criminal regulatory system for archival crimes should be improved, and the reverse connection mechanism between administrative and criminal procedures should be streamlined.
Key words: archival crime; state-owned archives; non-state-owned archives; archives law; administrative-criminal interface
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