基于前端控制的科学数据开放鉴定研究

A Study on Scientific Data Access Review Based on Front-end Control

毕建新, 谭扬洋

BI Jianxin, TAN Yangyang

苏州大学社会学院苏州 215123

出版日期2026-10-28卷期第40卷第5期页码62-69DOI10.16065/j.cnki.issn1002-1620.2026.05.007浏览次数1 次

查看 HTML 全文下载 PDF 全文期刊原文页

摘要

科学数据开放鉴定是科学数据安全开放的重要前提条件，也是科学数据生命周期中的重要控制环节。我国科学数据开放鉴定在实践中仍存在多元主体协同不足、政策要点导向不充分、分类分级执行不明确、安全技术支撑体系不健全等问题，制约了开放鉴定作用的发挥。基于档案学前端控制理论，结合对全国12所高校和5家科研院所的问卷调查与访谈内容，从实践层面分析当前我国科学数据开放鉴定在运行中出现的问题表现与成因。在此基础上，从明晰主体职责边界、优化数据管理流程、细化科学数据分类分级操作规范、规范安全技术应用等方面构建科学数据开放鉴定的前端控制实施路径，为我国科学数据开放鉴定的规范化、可操作性提供档案学理论支撑与实践参考。

关键词：科学数据开放鉴定前端控制分类分级

Abstract

Scientific data access review is a key prerequisite for the secure sharing of scientific data and an essential control mechanism throughout the data lifecycle. However, current practice is constrained by insufficient collaboration among stakeholders, limited integration of appraisal into the early stages of data management, inconsistent classification and grading standards, and inadequate security technology support. Drawing on the front-end control theory in archival science and empirical evidence collected through questionnaires and interviews conducted across 12 universities and 5 research institutes in China, this study examines the major operational challenges and their underlying causes. Based on these findings, it proposes a front-end control framework for scientific data access review by clarifying stakeholder responsibilities, optimizing appraisal procedures, refining classification and grading standards, and strengthening security technology support. The study provides both a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for improving the standardization and operational effectiveness of scientific data access review in China.

Key words: scientific data; access review; front-end control; classification and grading

引用格式

毕建新, 谭扬洋. 基于前端控制的科学数据开放鉴定研究[J]. 档案学研究, 2026, 40(5): 62-69.

BI Jianxin, TAN Yangyang. A Study on Scientific Data Access Review Based on Front-end Control. Archives Science Study, 2026, 40(5): 62-69.

参考文献

展开查看参考文献（21 条）

[1] 周代数, 魏杉汀. 人工智能驱动的科学研究第五范式:演进、机制与影响[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2024(12):97. [2] 国务院办公厅. 科学数据管理办法:国办发〔2018〕17号[EB/OL].(2018-03-17)[2026-06-24]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-04/02/content_5279272.htm. [3] 中共中央国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见[EB/OL].(2022-12-19)[2026-06-24]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2023/content_5736707.htm. [4] 邓君, 贾晓青, 马晓君, 等. 科学数据价值鉴定标准研究[J]. 情报科学, 2013(9):37. [5] 宋文凤. 科学数据价值鉴定研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学,2013:38. [6] 何思源. 科学数据价值鉴定策略研究[J]. 档案与建设, 2024(1):64. [7] 何思源, 刘越男. 科学数据和科研档案的管理协同:框架和路径[J]. 档案学通讯, 2021(1):49. [8] 王晴. 论科学数据开放共享的运行模式、保障机制及优化策略[J]. 国家图书馆学刊, 2014(1):4. [9] Kitchin R, Collins S, Frost D. Funding models for open access digital data repositories[J]. Online Information Review, 2015(5): 668. [10] Sweeney L, Crosas M. An open science platform for the next generation of data[EB/OL].(2015-06-18)[2026-6-24]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05632. [11] 陆文. 科学数据共享的价值观治理研究[J]. 图书馆学研究, 2025(12):14. [12] Uhlir P F. Open data for global science: a review of recent developments in national and international scientific data policies and related proposals[J]. Data Science Journal, 2007(6): 1. [13] 刘越男. 从一个新的视角审视“前端控制”思维[J]. 浙江档案, 2001(7):22. [14] 冯惠玲. 电子文件时代新思维《拥有新记忆—电子文件管理研究》摘要之六[J]. 档案学通讯, 1998(6):46. [15] 中华人民共和国国家档案局. 科学数据与科研档案协同管理试点显成效[EB/OL].(2026-01-26)[2026-06-24]. https://www.saac.gov.cn/daj/yaow/202601/cfe8fc21cf5f4fe7aa839e25fb7e27d5.shtml. [16] Chen X T, Maddi A, Wang Y Y. How China governs open science: policies, priorities, and structural imbalances[J]. Publications, 2025(3): 30. [17] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2025. [18] National Institute of Standards and Technology. [S]. Washington: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2004. [19] Making your research data open[EB/OL].(2026-02-16)[2026-06-24]. https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/#contents-list. [20] National Science Foundation. Data management and sharing plan[EB/OL].(2025-01-15)[2026-06-24]. https://www.nsf.gov/funding/data-management-plan. [21] National Institutes of Health. Writing a data management and sharing plan[EB/OL].(2026-04-15)[2026-06-24]. https://grants.nih.gov/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/sharing-policies/dms/writing-dms-plan.