档案安全保障2026年第40卷第3期《档案学研究》
档案字迹汽蒸固色法的适用性研究
Research on the Applicability of Ink Fixation by Steaming in Archives
苏州大学社会学院 苏州 215123
摘要
档案修复中,如遇易洇的墨水字迹,需要在修复前进行字迹的加固处理。本文基于档案修复中的最小干预原则和管理学中的成本效益最大化原则,选择汽蒸固色法进行研究。通过对比实验,探讨了汽蒸操作对墨汁、蓝黑墨水、红墨水和蓝墨水字迹,以及档案所用宣纸性能的即时影响和长期影响。实验结果表明,汽蒸处理30分钟左右即可有效提升墨汁和蓝黑墨水的抗洇化能力;对于红墨水和蓝墨水,汽蒸时间越长,即时的加固效果越好。但考虑到汽蒸操作对宣纸性能的影响,可对带有少量红墨水或蓝墨水字迹的档案进行60分钟左右的不连续汽蒸处理,且在修复操作中应注意用水量的控制;对于带有大量此类字迹的档案,则可以在汽蒸前于字迹处涂上明胶,以强化固色效果。
关键词:档案字迹加固汽蒸固色档案修复
Abstract
Ink fixation is essential for water-sensitive inks prior to restoration. Based on the principle of minimal intervention in archive restoration and the principle of cost-benefit maximization in management, this study focuses on the ink fixation by steaming. Through comparative experiments, the instantaneous and long-term effects of steaming operation on Chinese ink, iron gall ink, red ink and blue ink, as well as the properties of Xuan paper used by archives were investigated. Results indicate that approximately 30 minutes of steaming can effectively enhance the anti-blurring capacity of Chinese ink and iron gall ink. For red and blue inks, longer steaming improves instantaneous fixation effects. However, considering the impact of steaming on the properties of Xuan paper, intermittent steaming for around 60 minutes is recommended for archives containing limited red or blue inks, with strict water usage control during restoration. For archives with extensive red or blue ink handwriting, applying gelatin coating prior to steaming can strengthen the ink fixation effects.
Key words: ink fixation of archives; colour fixation by steaming; archive restoration
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