档案法规标准2025年第39卷第4期《档案学研究》
论司法导向下电子档案证据效力维护标准体系的重构
On the Reconstruction of the Standard System for Maintaining the Evidential Validity of Electronic Archives Under Judicial Orientation
中国人民大学法学院 北京 100872
摘要
受司法证明重视证据真实性的影响，电子档案证据效力维护标准体系也强调对应内容真实性的“可靠性”。“可靠性”要求在档案管理实务中难以有效落实，既制约电子档案向电子证据的高效转化，亦限制电子档案证据价值的充分发挥。在司法需求导向下，需遵循司法规律，对电子档案证据效力维护标准体系进行系统性优化：明确电子档案证据效力维护标准体系对应的是证据准入标准而非证据采纳标准，以划清档案管理与司法认定的界限；以可实现原则和推动转化原则为指导，结构性调整现有证据效力维护标准，增设“关联性”或“相关性”要求，适度弱化“可靠性”要求，同时强化“真实性”“安全性”要求，推动电子档案证据效力维护标准体系实现从“内容真实性担保”向“多维度关联证明”的转型，最终达成档案管理价值与司法证明需求的有机统一。
关键词：电子档案证据效力凭证价值可靠性关联性
Abstract
Influenced by the emphasis on the authenticity of evidence in judicial proof, the standard system for maintaining the evidential validity of electronic archives also emphasizes the "reliability" of the corresponding content's authenticity. The "reliability" standard is difficult to be effectively implemented in the practical management of archives, which not only restricts the efficient transformation of electronic archives into electronic evidence but also limits the full realization of the evidential value of electronic archives. Guided by judicial needs, it is necessary to follow judicial rules and systematically optimize the standard system for maintaining the evidential validity of electronic archives. First, it should be made clear that the standard system for maintaining the evidential validity of electronic archives corresponds to the evidence admission standard rather than the evidence adoption standard, so as to clarify the boundaries between archive management and judicial determination. Second, guided by the principles of feasibility and promoting transformation, the existing standards for maintaining evidential validity should be structurally adjusted. Requirements of "relevance" or "correlation" should be added, and the requirements of "reliability" should be moderately weakened. At the same time, the requirements of "authenticity" and "security" should be strengthened. This will promote the paradigm transformation of the standard system for maintaining the evidential validity of electronic archives from "guaranteeing content authenticity" to "multidimensional associated proof", and ultimately achieve the organic unity of archival management values and judicial proof needs.
Key words: electronic archives; evidence effect; voucher value; reliability; relevance
引用格式
参考文献
