档案安全保障2025年第39卷第3期《档案学研究》

清至民国时期歙县串票及其制成材料性能研究——以中国人民大学博物馆藏《钱粮票本》为例

Preservation and Material Composition of Shexian Chuanpiao from the Qing to the Republican Era:An Example from the Qian Liang Piao Ben in the Museum of Renmin University of China

王歌

WANG Ge

中国人民大学信息资源管理学院北京 100872

出版日期2025-06-28卷期第39卷第3期页码93-99DOI10.16065/j.cnki.issn1002-1620.2025.03.012

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摘要

串票作为清政府征收田赋时发给粮户的缴款凭证，具有重要的法律和历史价值。以中国人民大学博物馆藏徽州文书《钱粮票本》（空白账簿册及夹附的105枚道光至民国年间串票）为研究对象，借助内容考证、基础性能检测、破损调查和内部结构成分分析等手段，溯源文本价值、挖掘载体信息、延续文书寿命。研究发现清代串票用纸为竹纸，民国时期为竹、草混料纸。写印材料复杂，印章油渗、字迹洇化等字迹病害严重，红外及XRF分析发现了松烟墨和油烟墨两种墨迹成分，胶类物质为动物骨胶，印泥中添加白矾；纸张填料为高岭土及滑石粉。研究为了解清代基层税赋制度提供佐证，并为徽州文书串票的保护与修复提供了理论基础和实践指导。

关键词：徽州文书串票破损定级科技检测成分分析

Abstract

As a receipt issued to taxpayers during the Qing Dynasty for the collection of land taxes, the chuanpiao holds significant legal and historical value. To trace the text's value, extract information from its medium, and extend the document's lifespan, this paper studies the Huizhou Document Qian Liang Piao Ben ( a blank account book accompanied by 105 serial tax receipts dating from the Daoguang reign period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China era) held in the museum of Renmin University of China. Utilizing content verification, basic performance testing, damage investigation, and internal structural component analysis, the study found that the chuanpiao were primarily made of bamboo paper, with complex writing and printing materials. Severe ink damage issues such as ink spreading and smudging were identified. Infrared and XRF analyses revealed two types of ink: pine soot ink and oil soot ink. The adhesive substance was identified as animal bone glue, with alum added to the ink pad. The paper fillers were kaolin and talcum powder. This research provides evidence for understanding the tax system at the grassroots level during the Qing Dynasty and offers theoretical and practical guidance for the protection and restoration of Huizhou documents and chuanpiao.

Key words: Huizhou Documents; chuanpiao; damage grading; scientific detection; component analysis

引用格式

王歌. 清至民国时期歙县串票及其制成材料性能研究——以中国人民大学博物馆藏《钱粮票本》为例[J]. 档案学研究, 2025, 39(3): 93-99.

WANG Ge. Preservation and Material Composition of Shexian Chuanpiao from the Qing to the Republican Era:An Example from the Qian Liang Piao Ben in the Museum of Renmin University of China. Archives Science Study, 2025, 39(3): 93-99.

参考文献

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清至民国时期歙县串票及其制成材料性能研究——以中国人民大学博物馆藏《钱粮票本》为例