祛魅与决疑：电子文件证据使用程式的“再中心化”规制

摘要

单套制模式的推进使得纸质档案正逐步被电子文件所替代，而电子文件的证据地位远不及纸质档案，不能以代位角色遏制档案证据体系的去中心化趋势。组合型概念的跨域混用、宣示性规范的分立和布局于前端的域内建言是当前电子文件证据使用程式的主要表现。将法律效力与证据地位等同视之，将电子文件的“四性”要求与证据的“四性”标准进行主观联结，或强行缩减凭证与证据之间的界限，并不能顺利地实现电子文件与证据体系的要素适配。因此，有必要对电子文件的特殊性认知和“证据化改良”技术进行祛魅，同时以领域法学为统摄实施规范续造，力求完成由前端向后端的中心移转，由纸质档案向司法认证的中心回归，最终实现电子文件证据使用程式的“再中心化”。

关键词：电子文件证据中心化司法认证

Abstract

With the promotion of the single set system, paper archives are gradually being replaced by electronic documents, and the evidence status of electronic documents is far less than that of paper archives, so the decentralized trend of archive evidence system cannot be contained by subrogation. The cross domain mixing of combined concepts, the separation of declarative norms and the intra domain advice on the front are the main manifestations of the current electronic document evidence use program. If we regard the legal effect as the same as the evidence status, subjectively connect the "four characteristics" requirements of electronic documents with the "four characteristics" standards of evidence, or forcibly reduce the boundary between vouchers and evidence, we cannot successfully realize the adaptation of electronic documents to the elements of the evidence system. Therefore, it is necessary to disenchant the special cognition of electronic documents and the technology of "evidential improvement", and at the same time, take the field law as the unified implementation standard to continue to make efforts to complete the central transfer from the front end to the back end, and return from the paper files to the center of judicial certification, so as to finally realize the "re centralization" of the evidence use program of electronic documents.

Key words: electronic documents; evidence; centralization; judicial authentication

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