档案史料研究2026年第40卷第5期《档案学研究》

近代美国驻华领事馆机密报告档案的形成与解密——基于对奉天领事馆机密报告的考察

The Formation and Declassification of Confidential Report Archives of Modern American Consulates in China: Obeservations Based on Confidential Reports of the Consulate in Mukden

金悦, 李雯

JIN Yue, LI Wen

辽宁大学历史学院沈阳 110136

出版日期2026-10-28卷期第40卷第5期页码143-148DOI10.16065/j.cnki.issn1002-1620.2026.05.016浏览次数4 次

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摘要

通过爬梳美国国家档案馆藏百余卷美国驻奉天领事馆机密报告英文档案，系统考察美国驻华领事馆机密报告的形制、分类与解密。美国驻华领事馆机密报告具有格式标准化、密级多样化、保存与解密规范化的特点，兼具外交文书与情报价值的双重属性，其陆续解密与开放利用，不仅为厘清近代美国驻华机密外交文书的形制规范、内容建构与信息传递提供了档案依据，亦有助于从档案学视域解读近代美国在华外交活动的底层逻辑与历史脉络，拓展近代外交档案研究的史料来源与学术视野。

关键词：领事馆机密报告情报形成解密

Abstract

Based on a review of more than one hundred volumes of classified archival reports of the U.S. Consulate in Mukden preserved in the National Archives of the United States, this paper systematically investigates the form, classification, and declassification mechanisms of U.S. classified consular reports on China. These diplomatic archives are characterized by standardized formatting, diversified confidentiality levels, and standardized preservation and declassification systems, embodying dual values as official diplomatic documents and intelligence materials. The continuous declassification and opening of these archives not only provide solid documentary evidence for clarifying the formal standards, content construction, and information transmission mechanisms of modern U.S. classified diplomatic records concerning China, but also facilitate an archival interpretation of the underlying logic and historical evolution of American diplomatic activities in modern China. Furthermore, they effectively enrich the historical materials and broaden the academic horizons for research into modern diplomatic archives.

Key words: consular confidential report; intelligence; formation; declassification

引用格式

金悦, 李雯. 近代美国驻华领事馆机密报告档案的形成与解密——基于对奉天领事馆机密报告的考察[J]. 档案学研究, 2026, 40(5): 143-148.

JIN Yue, LI Wen. The Formation and Declassification of Confidential Report Archives of Modern American Consulates in China: Obeservations Based on Confidential Reports of the Consulate in Mukden. Archives Science Study, 2026, 40(5): 143-148.

参考文献

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