档案法规标准2026年第40卷第2期《档案学研究》
科研档案所有权制度的法理反思与完善路径
Jurisprudential Reflection and Improvement Paths of the Ownership System of Scientific Research Archives
中国人民大学信息资源管理学院 北京 100872
摘要
探究科研档案所有权制度的现实缺陷与完善方向,对于构建符合现代化治理需求的科研档案权属理论和配套制度,推动科研档案工作走向良法善治具有重要意义。科研档案所有权是指所有权人对科研档案所享有的占有、使用、收益和处分等法定权利。本文基于对现行科研档案所有权制度的法理反思,发现其权属认定制度尚存缺陷,权利行使机制面临障碍,配套制度衔接不够顺畅。据此提出相应完善路径:聚焦制度供给,弥补现行立法缺憾;创新体系构造,推动权利结构分置;强化法律衔接,提升制度现实功用。
关键词:科研档案档案所有权权属法理反思制度完善
Abstract
Exploring the practical deficiencies and improvement paths of the ownership system of scientific research archives is of great significance for constructing a rights attribution theory and supporting institutions that meet the needs of modern governance, and for advancing the management of scientific research archives towards sound laws and effective governance. Scientific research archive ownership refers to the legal rights enjoyed by the owner over the archives, including possession, use, income, and disposal. Based on the jurisprudential reflection on the current ownership system of scientific research archives, this study identifies key deficiencies: ambiguity in ownership determination, obstacles in the exercise of rights, and insufficient coordination of supporting systems. Accordingly, it proposes improvement paths: focusing on institutional supply to remedy legislative shortcomings; innovating system structures to promote the separation of rights; and strengthening legal coordination to enhance the practical efficacy of the system.
Key words: scientific research archives; archival ownership; property rights; jurisprudential reflection; institutional improvement
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