档案法规标准2025年第39卷第3期《档案学研究》
刑事诉讼中电子档案的证据类型及审查规则构建研究
Research on the Types of Evidence and the Construction of Examination Rules of Electronic Archives in Criminal Procedure
1 武汉大学信息管理学院 武汉 430072 2 武汉大学图书情报国家级实验教学示范中心 武汉 430072 3 中国政法大学司法文明协同创新中心 北京 100088
摘要
电子档案已经成为刑事诉讼活动中普遍出现的证据类型。本文从电子档案的类型、所属证据种类、证明对象、审查模式四个方面考察了刑事诉讼中电子档案作为证据的应用现状，指出电子档案作为证据时存在来源类型区分不明、证据种类属性不清、缺乏必要审查规则三大问题，并从三方面构建了电子档案作为证据的审查规则体系：修改《刑事诉讼法》相关条款以明确电子档案的独立证据地位，明确电子档案作为证据的合法性、真实性及相关性审查规则，建立电子档案制作者出庭作证义务以及专家辅助的配套规则，以推动电子档案在刑事诉讼活动中的规范化应用，保障刑事诉讼活动的公正性与客观性。
关键词：电子档案证据规则电子数据独立证据地位
Abstract
Electronic archives have become a common type of evidence in criminal proceedings. This paper examines the application status of electronic archives as evidence in criminal cases from 4 aspects: types of electronic archives, categories of evidence, objects of proof and examination mode. It points out that there are 3 problems in electronic archives as evidence, such as unclear classification of source types, unclear categorization of evidence and lack of necessary examination rules. The review rules system of electronic archives as evidence is constructed from 3 aspects: To amend the relevant provisions of the criminal procedure law to clarify the independent evidence status of electronic archives; Establish rules for examining the legality, authenticity and relevance of electronic archives as evidence; Clarify the electronic file producers' obligation to testify in court and the supporting rules of expert assistance, so as to promote the standardized application of electronic archives in criminal proceedings and safeguard the justice and objectivity of criminal proceedings.
Key words: electronic archives; rules of evidence; electronic data; independent status as evidence
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