档案资源建设2025年第39卷第2期《档案学研究》
我国口述档案建设的现状、困境与路径
The Current Situation, Dilemmas and Approaches of the Oral Archives Construction in China
1 中国矿业大学(北京)档案馆 北京 100083 2 中国人民大学信息资源管理学院 北京 100872
摘要
口述档案是国家档案资源体系的重要组成,是对传统档案记忆属性的丰富与延伸。加强口述档案建设,有助于全面记录中国社会发展进程、生动呈现中华文明赓续历史。本文以2018年《口述史料采集与管理规范》(DA/T 59—2017)实施为时间节点,综合运用网络调查、政策文本分析、结构化访谈、文献调研等方法,从学术研究、制度建设、实践推进三方面系统考察我国2018—2023年口述档案建设的基本情况。调研发现,我国口述档案建设仍然存在一些问题:顶层设计有待加强,口述档案政策动力不足;概念争议亟待厘清,口述档案内涵外延不明;资源结构存在短板,口述档案采集范围不全;开发利用程度不高,口述档案建设效用受限。为此,本文提出建议:立足国家社会需要,激发口述档案政策活力;认可口述档案身份,明确其内涵外延;完善协同共建机制,优化口述档案资源结构;重视开发利用环节,有效盘活口述档案资源。
关键词:口述档案档案资源建设社会记忆
Abstract
Oral archives are a crucial component of the national archives resource system, enriching and extending the memory attributes of traditional archives. Strengthening oral archives construction helps comprehensively document the development process of Chinese society and vividly present the continuous history of Chinese civilization. This study takes the implementation of the 2018 the Code of Oral Collection and Management of Historical Materials (DA/T 59-2017) as the starting point for survey. Through online surveys, policy analysis, structured interviews and literature review, it gathered multi-source data to examine the basic situation of oral archives construction in China from 2018 to 2023, focusing on academic research, institutional construction, and practical promotion. It found that there are still some problems in oral archives resources construction in China: top-level design needs to be strengthened, and the policy momentum for oral archives is insufficient; conceptual controversies need to be clarified, and the connotation and extension of oral archives are unclear; the resource structure has shortcomings, and the scope of oral archives collection is incomplete; the degree of development of oral archives is low, and the utility is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to: stimulating the policy vitality of oral archives based on national social needs; recognizing the identity of oral archives, and clarifying their connotation and extension; improving the collaborative construction mechanism, and optimizing the resource structure of oral archives; paying attention to the development and utilization, and effectively activate oral archives resources.
Key words: oral archives; archives resource construction; social memory
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