档案法规标准2025年第39卷第1期《档案学研究》
档案犯罪漏洞初探——以对《刑法》第329条的教义学分析为切入
Preliminary Analysis of Loopholes in Archival Crime: Starting from the Doctrinal Analysis of Article 329 of the Criminal Law
贵州财经大学法学院 贵阳 550025
摘要
档案犯罪中是否存在漏洞并非一个不言自明的命题。通过对档案犯罪相关条文的教义学阐释,以及与前置法中的档案违法行为进行行刑衔接的考察,可完成对档案犯罪漏洞的初步探析。目前我国对档案犯罪在保护法益与行为类型两个层面存在规制空白。前者体现为罪名体系的安排不当,以及对档案载体本身的保护不足;后者体现为《刑法》未能有效规制单纯以档案为手段的行为、擅自买入的行为、挪用国家档案馆馆舍的行为等。对档案犯罪漏洞的初步探析,可以为后续在立法层面中讨论档案犯罪的漏洞及其填补方案提供分析的前提与基础,同时,也明晰了目前的刑事规制范畴,可以为司法实践提供指导,并为档案工作的开展提供刑事保障。
关键词:档案犯罪规制空白档案法益国有档案
Abstract
Whether there are loopholes in archival crime is not an self-evident proposition. Through the doctrinal interpretation of relevant provisions on archival crime and the examination of the connection in administrative law and criminal law, the preliminary exploration of loopholes in archival crime can be completed. There are currently regulatory gaps in archival crime in China in terms of the protection of legal interests and types of behavior. The former is reflected in improper arrangement of the accusation system and insufficient protection of the archival carrier itself. The latter is reflected in the failure of the Criminal Law to effectively regulate the behavior of simply using archives as a means, unauthorized buying, and misappropriation of National Archives buildings. The preliminary analysis of loopholes in archival crime can provide prerequisite and foundation for subsequent discussions on the identification and filling of loopholes in archival crime at the legislative level. On the other hand, it clarifies the current regulatory scope of archival crime, which can also guide judicial practice and provide criminal protection for the development of archival work.
Key words: archival crime; regulatory gaps; archival legal interests; state-owned archives
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