美国联邦政府电子文件信息获取政策分析

[1] 卢泰宏国家信息政策[M]北京:科学技术文献出版社,1993:63-69. [2] Charles R.McClure, Paul T.Jaeger.Government Information Policy research: Importance, approaches, and realities[J].Library & Information Science Research,2008: 257-264. [3] Bruce Smith.Federal Information Policy and Access to Web-based Federal Information[J].The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 2000:274-281. [4] Paul T.Jaeger.Information Policy, information access,and democratic participation: The national and international implications of the Bush administration’s information politics[J].Government Information Quarterly,2007: 840-859. [5] U.S.Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Info-rming the Nation: Federal information Dissemination in an Electronic Age (Washington,DC: Government Printing Office,1988), 49. [6] 该案源起1989年里根离任时企图将白宫电子邮件系统中的电子邮件全部删除,而美国公益组织国家安全档案馆的创始人阿姆斯特朗为阻止这一行为,将白宫总统办公室告上法庭,要求其终止删除白宫电子邮件系统中的电子邮件. [7] Dismukes v.Department of the Interior, Civil No.84-0757(D.D.C.Dec.19,1984).[EB/OL].[2012-4-1]. [8] National Security Archives v, CIA,Civ.No.88-119 (D.D.C.1988). [9] President's Memorandum for Heads of Departments a-nd Agencies Regarding the Freedom of Information Act,Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents,Vol.29, 1999 (4 Oct.1993), reprinted in FOIA Update 14, No.3(summer/fall 1993), 3. [10] Attorney General's Memorandum for Heads of Departments and Agencies regarding the Freedom of Information Act (4 Oct.1993), reprinted in FOIA Update 14, No.3(summer/fall 1993), 4-5. [11] Executive Order 12,958,Federal Register,Vol.60,19,825(20 April1995). [12] S.564.[EB/OL].[2011-5-1]. [13] 同[4]. [14] Memorandum from John Ashcroft, Attorney Gen.of the U.S.,to the Heads of All Fed.Departments & Agencies (Oct.12, 2001), available at [agency] decisions [to withhold records] unless they lack a sound legal basis or present an unwarranted risk of adverse impact on the ability of other agencies to protect other important records"). [15] Executive Order 13292.[EB/OL].[2012-5-2]. [16] Executive Order—Presidential Records.[EB/OL].[2012-5-30].. [17] Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on Transparency and Open Government.[EB/OL].[2012-5-30]. [18] Memorandum for Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on The FOIA.[EB/OL].[2012-5-30].. [19] Open Government Directive.[EB/OL].[2012-5-30].. [20] Executive Order 13526-Classified National Security I-nformation.[EB/OL].[2012-5-10].. [21] Obama team cites more open government.[EB/OL].[2012-5-30]..